One of our foremost economic thinkers challenges a cherished tenet of todayโs financial orthodoxy: that spending less, refusing to forgive debt, and shrinking governmentโโausterityโโis the solution to a persisting economic crisis like ours or Europeโs, now in its fifth year.
Since the collapse of September 2008, the conversation about economic recovery has centered on the question of debt: whether we have too much of it, whose debt to forgive, and how to cut the deficit. These questions dominated the sound bites of the 2012 U.S. presidential election, the fiscal-cliff debates, and the perverse policies of the European Union.
Robert Kuttner makes the most powerful argument to date that these are the wrong questions and that austerity is the wrong answer. Blending economics with historical contrasts of effective debt relief and punitive debt enforcement, he makes clear that universal belt-tightening, as a prescription for recession, defies economic logic. And while the public debt gets most of the attention, it is private debts that crashed the economy and are sandbagging the recoveryโmortgages, student loans, consumer borrowing to make up for lagging wages, speculative shortfalls incurred by banks. As Kuttner observes, corporations get to use bankruptcy to walk away from debts. Homeowners and small nations donโt. Thus, we need more public borrowing and investment to revive a depressed economy, and more forgiveness and reform of the overhang of past debts.
In making his case, Kuttner uncovers the double standards in the politics of debt, from Robinson Crusoe author Daniel Defoeโs campaign for debt forgiveness in the seventeenth century to the two world wars and Bretton Woods. Just as debtorsโ prisons once prevented individuals from surmounting their debts and resuming productive life, austerity measures shackle, rather than restore, economic growthโas the weight of past debt crushes the economyโs future potential. Above all, Kuttner shows how austerity serves only the interest of creditorsโthe very bankers and financial elites whose actions precipitated the collapse. Lucid, authoritative, provocativeโa book that will shape the economic conversation and the search for new solutions
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